Application Layer
- is where the applications use the network reside (e.g. web surfing, file transfer, and email)
Application Network Protocols
- BitTorrent Protocol
- Distributed - Peer-to-Peer Protocol
- Domain Name System／Service (DNS)
- Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)
- Electronic Mail (email or e-mail)
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
- Hypertext／Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - 1／1.1／2
- Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI)
- IP Address Assignment
- Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
- Multicast DNS (mDNS)
- Network File System (NFS)
- Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
- Network Time Protocol (NTP)
- Proxy (Forward／Reverse Proxy Chains)
- Reactive Streams
- Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
- Remote Management Control Protocol (RMCP)
- rlogin
- Secure Shell (SSH)
- Server Message Block Protocol (SMB)
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
- Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
- SPDY (Deprecated)
- SSHFS
- Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)
- Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC)
- WebSockets
- Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)