Closed World Assumption - Argument From Ignorance - Open World Assumption

  • Closed World Assumption (CWA) is the assumption that what is not known to be true must be false
  • Argument From Ignorance (AFI) is the assumption that what is not known to be false must be true
  • Open World Assumption (OWA) is the opposite, it is the assumptions that (either):
    • what is not known to be true is simply unknown
    • what is not know to be false is simply unknown

Example

consider the following statement: “Juan is a citizen of the USA.”

Now, what if we were to ask “Is Juan a citizen of Colombia?”

  • under CWA, the answer is no
  • under AFI, the answer is yes
  • under OWA, the answer is unknown

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