• how the meaning of words and sentences is affected by the proceeding/surrounding sentences (e.g. pronoun coreference resolution)

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• is about taking words & sentences and assigning meaning to them (without environmental-context)
• is the study of the meaning of phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, phrases, and sentences (syntax)

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• is the study of sentence meaning with environmental context (goals and intentions of the speaker) includes: prosody, body language, etc
• is an even broader field that studies how the environmental context of a sentence contributes to meaning—for example, someone shouting “Fire!” has a very different meaning if they are in charge of a seven-gun salute than it does if they are sitting in a crowded movie theater.

• a basic problem is that if John says This is fun and Mary says This is not fun, it’s possible for both sentences simultaneously to be true (relative to their respective speakers), but we also want to claim that John and Mary are overtly contradicting or disagreeing with each other