our human commonsense reasoning contains:
- default reasoning - defaulting to conclusions while allowing exceptions
- preference on some conclusions over another equally probable conclusion
- non-monotonic reasoning - a formal logic whose consequencerelation is non-monotonic. In other words, non-monotonic logics are devised to capture and represent defeasible inferences
- abductive reasoning - a form of logical inference which starts with an observation or set of observations then seeks to find the simplest and most likely explanation for the observations
- counterfactual reasoning - is a concept in psychology that involves the human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred; something that is contrary to what actually happened. Counterfactual thinking is, as it states: “counter to the facts”. These thoughts consist of the “What if?” and the “If I had only…” that occur when thinking of how things could have turned out differently. Counterfactual thoughts include things that–in the present–now could never happen in reality because they solely pertain to events that have occurred in the past
Automated Commonsense Reasoning
substantial progress in automated commonsense reasoning has been made in four areas:
- taxonomic categories
- reasoning about time
- reasoning about actions and change
- sign calculus
Approaches & Techniques
the study of commonsense reasoning is largely divided into:
- knowledge-based approaches
- approaches based on machine learning over large data corpora (almost always text corpora)
with only limited interaction between the two kinds of approaches
- crowdsourcing approach - constructing a knowledge base by combining the collective knowledge and participation of many non-expert people (e.g. ConceptNet)
- knowledge-based approach -
- mathematical -
- informal -
- large-scale - chiefly targeted at collecting a lot of knowledge
- web mining -
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