／var／logmarcus chiu

Ackerman's PPIK (Process - Personality - Intelligence - Knowledge) Theory

Created on · Last Modified on

PPIK (process, personality, intelligence, and knowledge) Theory
  • further develops the approach on intelligence as proposed by Cattell, the Investment theory and Hebb, suggesting a distinction between:
    • intelligence as knowledge
    • intelligence as process
  • (two concepts that are comparable and related to Gc and Gf respectively, but broader and closer to Hebb’s notions of “Intelligence A” and “Intelligence B”) and integrating these factors with elements such as personality, motivation, and interests

PPIK - Diagram

  • gp - intelligence as process
  • gk - intelligence as knowledge
  • gf - fluid intelligence
  • gc - crystallized intelligence
  • interests
    • R - realistic interest
    • A - artistic interests
    • I - investigative interests
  • personality traits
    • TIE - Typical Intellectual Engagement
    • Openness

Predicted Growth Curves