Decibel-Milliwatts (dBm)
- is a unit of level used to indicate that a power level is expressed in decibels (dB) with reference to one milliwatt (mW)
- it is used in radio, microwave, and fiber-optical communication networks as a convenient measure of absolute power because of its capability to express both very large and very small values in a short form. dBW is a similar unit, referenced to one watt (1,000 mW)
bDm - Unit Conversions
A power level of 0 dBm corresponds to a power of 1 milliwatt. A 10 dB increase in level is equivalent to a ten-fold increase in power. Therefore, a 20 dB increase in level is equivalent to a 100-fold increase in power. A 3 dB increase in level is approximately equivalent to doubling the power, which means that a level of 3 dBm corresponds roughly to a power of 2 mW. Similarly, for each 3 dB decrease in level, the power is reduced by about one-half, making −3 dBm correspond to a power of about 0.5 mW.
To express an arbitrary power 𝑃 in 𝑚𝑊 as 𝑥 in 𝑑𝐵𝑚, the following expression may be used:
Conversely, to express an arbitrary power level 𝑥 in 𝑑𝐵𝑚, as 𝑃 in 𝑚𝑊:
dBm - Examples
|
Power level |
Power |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
|
526 dBm |
3.6×1049 W |
Black hole collision, the power radiated in gravitational waves following the collision GW150914, estimated at 50 times the power output of all the stars in the observable universe. |
|
420 dBm |
1×1039 W |
Cygnus A, one of the most powerful radio sources in the sky |
|
296 dBm |
3.846×1026 W |
The total power output of the Sun |
|
120 dBm |
1 GW |
Experimental high-power microwave (HPM) generation system, 1GW at 2.32 GHz for 38 ns |
|
105 dBm |
32 MW |
AN/FPS-85 Phased Array Space Surveillance Radar, claimed by the US Space Force as the most powerful radar in the world. |
|
95.5 dBm |
3,600 kW |
High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program maximum power output, the most powerful shortwave station in 2012 |
|
80 dBm |
100 kW |
The typical transmission power of FM radio station with 50-kilometer (31 mi) range |
|
62 dBm |
1.588 kW = 1,588 W |
1,500 W is the maximal legal power output of a US ham radio station. |
|
60 dBm |
1 kW = 1,000 W |
Typical combined radiated RF power of microwave oven elements |
|
55 dBm |
~300 W |
Typical single-channel RF output power of a Ku-band geostationary satellite |
|
50 dBm |
100 W |
Typical total thermal radiation emitted by a human body, peaks at 31.5 THz (9.5 μm) Typical maximal output RF power from a ham radio HF transceiver |
|
40 dBm |
10 W |
Typical power-line communication (PLC) transmission power |
|
37 dBm |
5 W |
Typical maximal output RF power from a handheld ham radio VHF/UHF transceiver |
|
36 dBm |
4 W |
Typical maximal output power for a citizens band radio station (27 MHz) in many countries |
|
33 dBm |
2 W |
Maximal output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (power class 1 mobile) Maximal output from a GSM850/900 mobile phone |
|
30 dBm |
1 W = 1000 mW |
DCS or GSM 1,800/1,900 MHz mobile phone. EIRP IEEE 802.11a (20 MHz-wide channels) in either 5 GHz subband 2 (5,470–5,725 MHz) provided that transmitters are also IEEE 802.11h-compliant, or U-NII-3 (5,725–5,825 MHz). The former is EU only, the latter is US only. Also, maximal power is allowed by the FCC for American amateur radio licensees to fly radio-controlled aircraft or operate RC models of any other type on amateur radio bands in the US. |
|
29 dBm |
794 mW | |
|
28 dBm |
631 mW | |
|
27 dBm |
500 mW |
Typical cellular phone transmission power Maximal output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (power class 2 mobiles) |
|
26 dBm |
400 mW | |
|
25 dBm |
316 mW | |
|
24 dBm |
251 mW |
Maximal output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (power class 3 mobiles) 1,880–1,900 MHz DECT (250 mW per 1,728 kHz channel). EIRP for wireless LAN IEEE 802.11a (20 MHz-wide channels) in either the 5 GHz subband 1 (5,180–5,320 MHz) or U-NII-2 and -W ranges (5,250–5,350 MHz & 5,470–5,725 MHz, respectively). The former is EU only, the latter is US only. |
|
23 dBm |
200 mW |
EIRP for IEEE 802.11n wireless LAN 40 MHz-wide (5 mW/MHz) channels in 5 GHz subband 4 (5,735–5,835 MHz, US only) or 5 GHz subband 2 (5,470–5,725 MHz, EU only). This also applies to 20 MHz-wide (10 mW/MHz) IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN in 5 GHz subband 1 (5,180–5,320 MHz) if also IEEE 802.11h-compliant (otherwise only 3 mW/MHz → 60 mW when unable to dynamically adjust transmission power, and only 1.5 mW/MHz → 30 mW when a transmitter also cannot dynamically select frequency). |
|
22 dBm |
158 mW | |
|
21 dBm |
125 mW |
Maximal output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (power class 4 mobiles) |
|
20 dBm |
100 mW |
EIRP for IEEE 802.11b/g wireless LAN 20 MHz-wide channels in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi/ISM band (5 mW/MHz). Bluetooth Class 1 radio. Maximal output power from unlicensed AM transmitter per US FCC rules 15.219 |
|
19 dBm |
79 mW | |
|
18 dBm |
63 mW | |
|
17 dBm |
50 mW | |
|
15 dBm |
32 mW |
Typical wireless LAN transmission power in laptops |
|
10 dBm |
10 mW | |
|
7 dBm |
5.0 mW |
Common power level required to test the automatic gain control circuitry in an AM receiver |
|
6 dBm |
4.0 mW | |
|
5 dBm |
3.2 mW | |
|
4 dBm |
2.5 mW |
Bluetooth Class 2 radio, 10 m range |
|
3 dBm |
2.0 mW | |
|
2 dBm |
1.6 mW | |
|
1 dBm |
1.3 mW | |
|
0 dBm |
1.0 mW = 1000 μW |
Bluetooth standard (Class 3) radio, 1 m range |
|
−1 dBm |
794 μW | |
|
−3 dBm |
501 μW | |
|
−5 dBm |
316 μW | |
|
−10 dBm |
100 μW |
Maximal received signal power of wireless network (802.11 variants) |
|
−13 dBm |
50.12 μW |
Dial tone for the Precise Tone Plan found on public switched telephone networks in North America |
|
−20 dBm |
10 μW | |
|
−30 dBm |
1.0 μW = 1000 nW | |
|
−40 dBm |
100 nW | |
|
−50 dBm |
10 nW | |
|
−60 dBm |
1.0 nW = 1000 pW |
The Earth receives one nanowatt per square meter from a magnitude +3.5 star |
|
−70 dBm |
100 pW | |
|
−73 dBm |
50.12 pW |
“S9” signal strength, a strong signal, on the S meter of a typical ham or shortwave radio receiver |
|
−80 dBm |
10 pW | |
|
−100 dBm |
0.1 pW |
Minimal received signal power of wireless network (802.11 variants) |
|
−111 dBm |
0.008 pW = 8 fW |
The thermal noise floor for commercial GPS single-channel signal bandwidth (2 MHz) |
|
−127.5 dBm |
0.178 fW = 178 aW |
Typical received signal power from a GPS satellite |
|
−174 dBm |
0.004 aW = 4 zW |
The thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth at room temperature (20 °C) |
|
−192.5 dBm |
The thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth in outer space (4 kelvins) | |
|
−∞ dBm |
0 W |
Zero power is not well-expressed in dBm (value is negative infinity) |