Grammar = Morphology + Part of Speech + Syntax (Rules) - the rules of morphology and syntax produces grammar. it is a set of linguistic habits that is constantly being negotiated and reinvented
- morphology
- the study of morphemes and word inflexions/forms
- a morphologist would be interested in the relationship between words like “dog” and “dogs” or “walk” and “walking,” and how people figure out the differences between those words
- lexical grammar describes the structure of the lexicon, that is, every token (word) used in the language
- syntactical grammar describes how phrases and documents are formed from those tokens
- part of speech
- is a category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions
- syntax
- is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences/phrases
- is a set of rules for constructing full sentences/phrases out of lexemes
- is the study of sentences/phrases structure, or how people put words into the right order so that they can communicate meaningfully
- all languages have underlying rules of syntax, which, along with morphological rules, make up every language’s grammar. An example of syntax coming into play in language is “Eugene walked the dog” versus “The dog walked Eugene.” The order of words is not arbitrary—in order for the sentence to convey the intended meaning, the words must be in a certain order